You are not required to have a representative, but you have the right to be represented by counsel in proceedings before the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. A licensed representative may help you understand the hearing process, review your documents and previous statements, prepare evidence, and present your position. Whether representation is appropriate depends on the type and complexity of the proceeding.
Bring the documents identified in your Notice to Appear and any case-specific directions. This may include identification, immigration documents, previously submitted forms, supporting evidence, witness information, and any documents your representative has asked you to prepare. Review your hearing notice carefully because document requirements and filing instructions vary by tribunal division and proceeding.
The procedure depends on the division and type of matter. In an oral hearing, a tribunal member generally manages the proceeding, reviews the evidence, and may ask questions. The person appearing may testify, answer questions, call witnesses, and make submissions through their representative where permitted. Some immigration and refugee matters may instead be decided on written materials.
Possible next steps depend on the tribunal division, the type of decision, and the circumstances. Options may sometimes include an appeal, reconsideration, judicial review, or another application. Deadlines can be short, so a person who receives an unfavourable decision should obtain advice promptly rather than assume that every decision can be appealed.
Notify the Immigration and Refugee Board or your representative as early as possible. Follow the instructions in your hearing notice and tribunal correspondence. Interpretation and accessibility arrangements depend on the proceeding and the person’s needs.
